From 1a08cda0b809b104d1de79062f5fee1a07b6e0ec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Gabe Venberg <gabevenberg@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2025 16:39:28 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] added draft versions of Paged Out! articles.
---
content/posts/nixos-easy-host.md | 80 +++++++++
content/posts/stop-using-TRRS/4C4P.jpg | Bin 0 -> 5906 bytes
content/posts/stop-using-TRRS/index.md | 62 +++++++
.../trrs_fully_plugged_in_5v_sleeve.svg | 160 ++++++++++++++++++
.../trrs_fully_plugged_in_5v_tip.svg | 160 ++++++++++++++++++
.../trrs_partially_plugged_in_5v_sleeve.svg | 160 ++++++++++++++++++
.../trrs_partially_plugged_in_5v_tip.svg | 160 ++++++++++++++++++
hugo.toml | 6 +
8 files changed, 788 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 content/posts/nixos-easy-host.md
create mode 100644 content/posts/stop-using-TRRS/4C4P.jpg
create mode 100644 content/posts/stop-using-TRRS/index.md
create mode 100644 content/posts/stop-using-TRRS/trrs_fully_plugged_in_5v_sleeve.svg
create mode 100644 content/posts/stop-using-TRRS/trrs_fully_plugged_in_5v_tip.svg
create mode 100644 content/posts/stop-using-TRRS/trrs_partially_plugged_in_5v_sleeve.svg
create mode 100644 content/posts/stop-using-TRRS/trrs_partially_plugged_in_5v_tip.svg
diff --git a/content/posts/nixos-easy-host.md b/content/posts/nixos-easy-host.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e37cfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/posts/nixos-easy-host.md
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
++++
+title = "Running non Nixpkgs services on NixOS, the lazy way"
+date = 2025-03-20T14:09:14+01:00
+draft = true
++++
+
+NixOS is really nice for self hosting.
+Anything that has a NixOS module can be hosted in a few lines of nix code.
+But what if the service we want to host doesn't come with a NixOS module written for us already in Nixpkgs?
+This is where NixOS can be a little hard, as a guide on setting up a service in Debian or Arch will rarely work on NixOS.
+Of course, the 'nix way' would be to write your own package and module for it, but that can be a daunting task.
+Here are some 'escape hatches' to host some of the simpler services without having to write your own Nix package or module.
+
+## Nginx
+
+If the application is a simple static website, containing just HTML and JS,
+the `nginx` module on NixOS provides us with a way to manage virtual hosts complete with https.
+Shown is how I host my Hugo generated blog.
+
+```nix
+{ config, ... }: {
+ services.nginx.virtualHosts."gabevenberg.com" = {
+ enableACME = true;
+ forceSSL = true;
+ root = "/var/www/gabevenberg.com";
+ };
+ security.acme = {
+ acceptTerms = true;
+ defaults.email = "myname@example.com";
+ };
+ networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [443 80];
+}
+```
+The complete list of options for virtual hosts can be found [here](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/options#opt-services.nginx.virtualHosts)
+
+## Docker
+If the service publishes a Docker image, one can just run that on NixOS.
+Here's how I host a game server using a premade docker container.
+Things get a bit more complicated with docker-compose,
+but one can use [compose2nix](https://github.com/aksiksi/compose2nix) to translate a docker-compose.yaml file into a nix file much like the one shown.
+```nix
+{ config, ... }: {
+ virtualisation.oci-containers = {
+ backend = "docker";
+ containers.factorio = {
+ image = "factoriotools/factorio:stable";
+ volumes = ["/storage/factorio:/factorio"];
+ hostname = "factorio";
+ ports = ["34197:34197/tcp"];
+ environment = {UPDATE_MODS_ON_START = "true";};
+ };
+ };
+ virtualisation.docker.enable = true;
+}
+```
+
+There are, of course, more options for the oci-containers module, found [here](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/options#opt-virtualisation.oci-containers.containers)
+
+## Systemd
+
+Finally, if the service is composed of a single static binary, NixOS makes it really easy to write Systemd services.
+(I've used a package in Nixpkgs here,
+but you could just as easily point the Systemd service to a binary you threw in `/opt/` or somewhere.)
+
+```nix
+{ config, ... }: {
+ systemd.services.miniserve = {
+ wantedBy = ["multi-user.target"];
+ after = ["network.target"];
+ description = "A directory miniserve instance";
+ environment = {MINISERVE_ENABLE_TAR_GZ="true";}
+ serviceConfig.ExecStart = "${pkgs.miniserve}/bin/miniserve -i 127.0.0.1 -- /storage/miniserve"
+ };
+}
+
+```
+And like the last 2 times, the complete list of options for Systemd service can be found [here](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/options.html#opt-systemd.services)
+
+
+*(This article was originally published in issue #6 of the [Paged Out!](https://pagedout.institute/) magazine.)*
diff --git a/content/posts/stop-using-TRRS/4C4P.jpg b/content/posts/stop-using-TRRS/4C4P.jpg
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diff --git a/content/posts/stop-using-TRRS/index.md b/content/posts/stop-using-TRRS/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62955d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/posts/stop-using-TRRS/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
++++
+title = "Stop Using TRRS for Split-Keyboard Interconnects!"
+date = 2025-03-20T14:10:01+01:00
+draft = true
++++
+
+
+TRRS (Tip Ring Ring Sleeve, or, as you may know it, "headphone jack with microphone support") cables have long been the go to connector between split keyboard halves.
+They are cheap, compact, and thanks to their popularity, come in a variety of aesthetic styles.
+
+However, TRRS jacks were only designed for passive electrical components, and expose one large flaw when used actively.
+When a TRRS cable is (dis)connected, the tip of the plug will slide past every single contact of the jack.
+Likewise, the first contact of the jack will slide past every contact of the plug.
+
+To illustrate this, let us consider a TRRS setup where 5v is applied to the tip.
+In this example, assume this plug is on the passive side of the board, receiving power from the active side plugged into USB.
+When fully plugged in @5v_plugged_in, everything is connected properly.
+However, when pulled out, 5v immediately makes contact with the TX line @5v_partial_plug.
+
+
+5v tip TRRS fully plugged in
+
+
+A 5v tip TRRS starting to be pulled out. Notice the short between 5v and Tx
+
+When the 5v Aurdino Pro Micro dominated as a keyboard MCU, a brief short between 5v and Tx/Rx may have been acceptable.
+However, due to the emergence of RP2040 powered drop in replacements for the Pro Micro, such as the Elite-pi or KB2040,
+3.3v logic levels are now commonplace among keyboards.
+Thus, shorting the 5v power line with a logic pin is a surefire way to burn out at least a GPIO, if not your whole MCU.
+
+Now, what if we put the 5v at the base, so that it is the first pin disconnected?
+
+
+A GND tip TRRS fully plugged in
+
+
+A GND tip TRRS starting to be pulled out. Notice the short between 5v and Rx.
+
+In this case, we are looking at the active side of the board, connected to USB, and supplying power to the passive side.
+Now, when unplugged the 5v contact of the jack will immediately make contact with the Rx line,
+pulling it up to 5v and damaging the pin on the passive side of the board.
+
+No matter what order we put the contacts in,
+one end of the TRRS cable will be unsafe to unplug while powered.
+No other electronics found in your home suffer permanent damage from simply being unplugged in the wrong order.
+In a moment of carelessness or forgetfulness, damage to hardware could easily happen.
+
+So what are the alternatives?
+USB-C, while almost as small as TRRS, are more expensive component wise and and
+having the same connector for board-to-board and PC-to-board connections may lead to user error.
+There are also a wide variety of JST and Molex connectors, some of which rival TRRS in size,
+but premade cables are not readily available,
+and many connectors have a tendency to work themselves loose over time.
+My personal favorite are 4P4C connectors, also known as RJ9, RJ10, or RJ22.
+While bulky on the PCB, the connection is sturdy, cables are availible, and one can make ones own cables with a cheap crimping tool.
+{{<figure src="./4C4P.jpg" title="A 4C4P connector (Wikimedia, CC-BY-SA 3.0)" width="50%">}}
+There are of course other connectors, and any with at least 4 conductors will work for a split keyboard.
+Unfortunately, there does not seem to be a perfect connector, but there are many alternatives better than TRRS.
+
+*This article is dedicated to the late pin D26 of Jonathan's Ferris Sweep. He is forever grateful that the Elite-pi has extra GPIOs.*
+
+*(This article was originally published in issue #6 of the [Paged Out!](https://pagedout.institute/) magazine.)*
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new file mode 100644
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new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/content/posts/stop-using-TRRS/trrs_partially_plugged_in_5v_sleeve.svg b/content/posts/stop-using-TRRS/trrs_partially_plugged_in_5v_sleeve.svg
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new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/hugo.toml b/hugo.toml
index a69896e..6bb407f 100644
--- a/hugo.toml
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@@ -112,6 +112,12 @@ endLevel = 5
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[security]
enableInlineShortcodes = true